Table 1 Overview of Studies Evaluating Deficits in Postural Control in COPD
Study | Sample | Key outcomes | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|
Grant et al. 1982 [27] | 203 patients with advanced hypoxemic COPD (PaO2 51 mm Hg), age 66 yrs; 74 controls, age 64 yrs. | Measures of coordination from Halstead-Reitan Test Battery including a tactual performance test and the tapping test. Grooved pegboard test. | Impaired perceptual-motor integration, motor dexterity and coordination in COPD vs. controls. |
Butcher et al. 2004 [7] | 30 COPD (FEV1 38% predicted), age 71 yrs; 21 controls, age 68 yrs. | Finger-to-nose test Toe Tap Timed Up and Go Posturography Community Balance and Mobility Scale. | Deficits in functional balance and ks, coordination in COPD compared to controls. Increased sway for eyes open, moving platform test. |
Eisner et al. 2008 [9] | 1,202 COPD (FEV1 62% predicted), age 58 yrs; 302 age, sex and race matched controls. | Standing balance task from Short Physical Performance Battery. Functional Reach Test. | Poorer performance on standing balance task and functional reach in COPD vs. controls. |
Chang et al. 2008 [8] | 19 COPD (FEV1 46% predicted), age 69 yrs. | Timed Up and Go and postural sway in quiet stance following a 6 MWT. | Static balance in semi-tandem stance with eyes closed impaired after a sub-maximal exercise test. |
Beauchamp et al. 2009 [6] | 39 COPD (FEV1 42% predicted) age 71 yrs. | Berg Balance Scale Timed Up and Go (TUG) and History of Falls. | Worse balance performance on Berg and TUG compared to age-matched reference values. Impaired balance in fallers vs. non-fallers with COPD. |
Smith et al. 2010 [11] | 12 COPD (FEV1 33% predicted), age 65 yrs; 12 controls, age 64 yrs. | Center of pressure displacement using a force plate. Angular motion of hip and lumbar spine. Tests repeated before and after an upper limb exercise task. | Reduced balance in mediolateral direction and increased hip motion in COPD vs. controls. |
Roig et al. [10] | 20 COPD (FEV1 47% predicted), age 72 yrs; 20 controls, age 68 yrs. | Postural sway and number of "falls" using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) to assess balance on a moving force plate and visual surround system. Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Knee extensor muscle torque. | Reduced scores on the SOT and more frequent "falls" in COPD vs. controls. No association between physical activity or muscle strength with balance deficits. |