Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients assessed by the ED for COPD exacerbation, sorted by hospital admission
Predictors | N | Not admitted | Admitted | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 188 (78.7%) | 78 (41.5%) | 110 (58.5%) | NS |
Female | 51 (21.3%) | 22 (43.1%) | 29 (56.9%) | |
Age | ||||
< 65 years | 37 (15.5%) | 16 (43.2%) | 21 (56.8%) | NS |
65-75 years | 74 (31.1%) | 30 (40.5%) | 44 (59.5%) | |
>75 years | 127 (53.4%) | 54 (42.5%) | 73 (57.5%) | |
Manchester | ||||
1 and 2 | 98 (41.17%) | 24 (24.5%) | 74 (75.5%) | *** |
3 | 100 (42.0%) | 44 (43.6%) | 56(56.4%) | |
4 and 5 | 40 (16.8%) | 32 (80.0%) | 8 (20.0%) | |
Gold | ||||
0 | 102 (42.7%) | 52 (51.0%) | 50 (49.0%) | * |
1 and 2 | 61 (25.5%) | 26 (42.6%) | 35 (57.4%) | |
3 and 4 | 76 (31.8%) | 22 (28.9%) | 54 (71.1%) | |
Smoker | ||||
No | 50 (23.0%) | 24 (48.0%) | 26 (52.0%) | NS |
Yes | 34 (15.7%) | 16 (47.1%) | 18 (52.9%) | |
Former smoker | 130 (59.9%) | 51 (39.2%) | 79 (60.8%) | |
Passive smoker | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | |
Tachypnea | ||||
No | 149 (62.3%) | 76 (51.0%) | 73 (49.0%) | *** |
Yes | 90 (37.7%) | 24 (26.7%) | 66 (73.3%) | |
SBP | ||||
< 100 | 5 (2.1%) | 2 (40.0%) | 3 (60.0%) | NS |
100-140 | 110 (46.2%) | 47 (42.7%) | 63 (57.3%) | |
>140 | 123 (51.7%) | 51 (41.5%) | 72 (58.5%) | |
DBP | ||||
<60 | 31 (13.5%) | 11 (35.5%) | 20 (64.5%) | NS |
60-90 | 174 (76.0%) | 77 (44.3%) | 97 (55.4%) | |
>90 | 24(10.5%) | 12 (35.3%) | 22 (64.7%) | |
Ta | ||||
<37°C | 172 (72.0%) | 79 (45.9%) | 93 (54.1%) | * |
>37C | 67 (28.0%) | 21 (31.3%) | 46 (68.7%) | |
HR | ||||
<100 | 156 (65.5%) | 74 (47.4%) | 82 (56.2%) | * |
>100 | 82 (34.5%) | 25 (30.5%) | 57 (69.5%) | |
SaO2/FiO2 | ||||
<428.6 | 84 (35.1%) | 8 (9.5%) | 76 (90.5%) | *** |
>428.6 | 155 (64.9%) | 92(59.4%) | 63 (40.6%) | |
O2 at Home | ||||
No | 196 (82.0%) | 85 (43.4%) | 111 (56.6%) | NS |
Yes | 43 (18.0%) | 15 (34.9%) | 28 (65.1%) | |
Baseline Treatment | ||||
Oral Corticosteroids | 16 (6.7%) | 6 (37.5%) | 10 (62.5%) | NS |
Anticholinergics and/or saba and/or laba | 26 (11.3%) | 8 (30.8%) | 18 (69.2%) | |
Anticholinergics and/or saba and/or laba + Inhaled Corticosteroids | 140 (58.3%) | 63 (45.0%) | 77 (55.0%) | |
None of these (ALT, Theophylline..) | 55 (22.9%) | 23 (41.8%) | 32 (58.2%) | |
ED Treatment | ||||
Antibiotics | ||||
No | 102 (43.4%) | 61 (59.8%) | 41 (40.2%) | *** |
Yes | 133 (56.6%) | 39 (29.3%) | 94 (70.7%) | |
O2 | ||||
No | 26 (11.1%) | 23 (88.5%) | 3 (11.5%) | *** |
Yes | 209 (88.9%) | 77 (36.8%) | 132 (63.2%) | |
Systemic Corticosteroids | ||||
No | 64 (27.2%) | 40 (62.5%) | 24 (37.5%) | *** |
Yes | 171 (72.8%) | 60 (35.1%) | 111 (64.9%) | |
Inhaled/Nebulized Cortocosteroids | ||||
No | 183 (76.6%) | 85 (46.4%) | 98 (53.6%) | ** |
Yes | 56 (23.4%) | 15(26.8%) | 41 (73.2%) | |
Any Nebulized Drugs | ||||
No | 44 (18.4%) | 22 (50.0%) | 22 (50.0%) | NS |
Yes | 195 (81.6%) | 78 (40%) | 117 (60%) | |
Beta-agonists | ||||
No | 39 (16.3%) | 24 (61.5%) | 15 (38.5%) | ** |
Yes | 200 (83.7%) | 76 (38.0%) | 124 (62.0%) | |
Anticholinergics | ||||
No | 40 (17.1%) | 23 (57.5%) | 17 (42.5%) | * |
Yes | 194 (82.9%) | 77 (39.7%) | 117 (60.3%) | |
Anti-Leukotrienes | ||||
No | 232 (98.7%) | 100( 43.1%) | 132 (56.9%) | NS |
Yes | 3 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (100%) | |
Theophyllines | ||||
No | 231 (98.3%) | 99 (42.9%) | 132 (57.1%) | NS |
Yes | 4 (1.7%) | 1 (25.0%) | 3 (75.0%) | |
Mucolytics | ||||
No | 206 (87.7%) | 87 (42.2%) | 119 (57.8%) | NS |
Yes | 29(12.3%) | 13 (44.8%) | 16 (55.2%) | |
Month | ||||
January-March | 78 (32.6%) | 33 (42.3%) | 45 (57.7%) | NS |
April-June | 59 (24.7%) | 23 (39.0%) | 36 (61.0%) | |
July-September | 52 (21.8%) | 23 (44.2%) | 29 (55.8%) | |
October-December | 50 (20.9%) | 21 (42.0%) | 29 (58.0%) | |
Day of the Week | ||||
Monday-Thursday | 150 (62.8%) | 62 (41.3%) | 88 (58.7%) | NS |
Friday-Sunday | 89 (37.2%) | 38 (42.7%) | 51 (57.3%) | |
Time | ||||
0-8:00 | 38 (15.9%) | 12 (31.6%) | 26 (68.4%) | NS |
8:00-16:00 | 113 (47.3%) | 48 (42.5%) | 65 (57.5%) | |
16:00-24:00 | 88 (36.8%) | 40 (45.5%) | 48 (54.5%) | |
Hospital Readmissions | ||||
None | 201 (84.1%) | 90 (44.8%) | 111(55.2%) | * |
Any (Early or Late) | 38 (15.9%) | 10 (26.3%) | 28 (73.7%) | |
ED Readmissions | ||||
None | 228 (95.4%) | 96 (42.1%) | 132 (57.9%) | NS |
Any (Early or Late) | 11 (4.6%) | 4 (36.4%) | 7 (63.6%) | |
Number of Admissions | ||||
None | 82 (34.3%) | 79 (96.3%) | 3 (3.7%) | *** |
One | 120 (50.2%) | 12 (10.0%) | 108 (90.0%) | |
Two or More | 37 (15.5%) | 9 (24.3%) | 28 (75.7%) | |
Number of Emergencies | ||||
One | 166 (69.5%) | 64 (38.6%) | 102 (61.4%) | NS |
Two | 33 (13.8%) | 16 (48.5%) | 17 (51.5%) | |
Three or More | 40 (16.7%) | 20 (50.0%) | 20 (50.0%) | |
Length of the Crisis (Hours) | ||||
< 12 | 23 (10.8%) | 9 (39.1%) | 14 (60.9%) | NS |
12-24 | 35 (16.4%) | 10 (28.6%) | 25 (71.4%) | |
24-72 | 29 (13.6%) | 11 (37.9%) | 18 (62.1%) | |
>72 | 126 (59.2%) | 58 (46.0%) | 68 (54.0%) | |
Length of ED Stay (Hours) | ||||
< 4 | 63 (27.8%) | 38 (60.3%) | 25 (39.7%) | *** |
4-8 | 50 (22.0%) | 23 (46.0%) | 27 (54.0%) | |
8-18 | 58 (25.5%) | 20 (34.5%) | 38 (65.5%) | |
>72 | 126 (24.7%) | 11 (19.6%) | 45 (80.4%) | |
Hemoglobin | ||||
Low | 106 (44.7%) | 46 (43.4%) | 60 (56.6%) | NS |
Normal | 128 (54%) | 52 (40.6%) | 76 (59.4%) | |
High | 3 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (100.0%) | |
Leukocytes | ||||
Leukopenia | 5 (2.1%) | 3 (60.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | *** |
Normal | 154 (64.4%) | 79 (51.3%) | 75 (48.7%) | |
Leukocytosis | 80 (33.5%) | 18 (22.5%) | 62 (77.5%) | |
Neutrophil count | ||||
Low | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | *** |
Normal | 127 (53.1%) | 69 (54.3%) | 58 (45.7%) | |
High | 109 (45.6%) | 30 (27.5%) | 79 (72.5%) | |
Urea | ||||
Low | 4 (1.8%) | 2 (50.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | NS |
Normal | 120 (52.6%) | 54 (45%) | 66(55.0%) | |
High | 104 (45.6%) | 33 (31.7%) | 71 (68.3%) | |
Emergencies the Year Before | ||||
None | 150 (62.7%) | 59 (39.3%) | 91 (60.7%) | NS |
One | 37 (15.5%) | 19 (51.4%) | 18 (48.6%) | |
Two or More | 52 (21.8%) | 22 (42.3%) | 30 (57.7%) | |
Hospital Admissions the Year Before | ||||
None | 178 (75.1%) | 75 (42.1%) | 103 (57.9%) | NS |
One | 37 (15.6%) | 16 (43.2%) | 21 (56.8%) | |
Two or More | 22 (9.3%) | 7 (31.8%) | 15 (68.2%) |