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Table 2 Tidal volume, respiratory rate and muscle activity for each respiratory maneuver and sitting posture (mean ± SD)

From: Effects of breathing maneuver and sitting posture on muscle activity in inspiratory accessory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Parameters

QB

PLB

NP

WAS

WAHS

NP

WAS

WAHS

TV (â„“)

0.7 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

RR (f/min)

18.1 ± 3.0

16.7 ± 3.4

16.5 ± 2.1

12.0 ± 0.6

12.0 ± 1.1

12.0 ± 0.9

SM (%RVC)

100.0 ± .0

104.4 ± 35.1

123.4 ± 25.2

118.4 ± 17.7

134.6 ± 31.2

150.1 ± 45.3

SCM (%RVC)

100.0 ± .0

113.1 ± 12.4

115.6 ± 13.7

115.8 ± 17.0

122.9 ± 24.0

131.0 ± 24.0

PM (%RVC)

100.0 ± .0

204.0 ± 89.0

161.2 ± 78.1

113.6 ± 20.5

271.1 ± 214.6

167.0 ± 69.2

  1. NP, neutral position; PLB, pulsed lips breathing; PM, pectoralis major; %RVC, percentage of reference voluntary contraction; QB, quiet breathing; RR, respiratory rate; SCM, sternocleidomastoid muscle; SM, scalene muscle; TV, tidal volume; WAHS, breathing training with arm and head support; WAS, breathing training with arm support.