Table 2 Alterations that may be encountered in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing
Alteration | Consequence |
|---|---|
Soft palate failing to close | Bolus leaking out of the nasal tracts |
Asymmetrical pharyngeal contraction | If the damage is bilateral the bolus will not progress on both sides and there will be pooled food |
Reduced laryngeal range | Pooled food around the laryngeal opening and post-swallowing aspiration |
Incomplete laryngeal closure | Aspiration and bolus pooling |
Reduced laryngeal raising range | Bolus pooling and aspiration |
Upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction | Bolus blocking and possible returning into the respiratory tract |