Restrictive pattern (FVC < LLN, FEV 1 /FVC > LLN) | Moderate to more severe restrictive pattern (FVC < LLN, FEV 1 /FVC > LLN, FEV 1 < 70%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1988–1994 | 2007–2010 | 1988–1994 | 2007–2010 | |
OR (95% CI) a | OR (95% CI) a | OR (95% CI) a | OR (95% CI) a | |
Age category, years | ||||
20–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
30–39 | 1.18 (0.84–1.65) | 1.10 (0.78–1.54) | 1.90 (0.82–4.39) | 1.03 (0.21–5.11) |
40–49 | 1.13 (0.72–1.77) | 1.11 (0.71–1.74) | 2.93 (1.24–6.92) | 2.27 (0.64–8.02) |
50–59 | 2.15 (1.43–3.23) | 1.57 (1.16–2.12) | 7.42 (3.17–17.35) | 5.00 (1.31–19.03) |
60–69 | 1.90 (1.25–2.88) | 1.76 (1.11–2.79) | 9.85 (4.00–24.34) | 7.54 (2.27–25.10) |
70–79 | 1.11 (0.70–1.76) | 1.29 (0.92–1.81) | 8.57 (3.54–20.75) | 3.99 (1.23–12.97) |
Sex | ||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 0.80 (0.61–1.06) | 0.97 (0.70–1.36) | 0.47 (0.34–0.67) | 0.44 (0.27–0.72) |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
African American | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | 0.65 (0.46–0.93) | 0.90 (0.64–1.25) | 0.88 (0.47–1.65) |
Mexican American | 0.66 (0.51–0.86) | 1.29 (0.98–1.69) | 0.64 (0.40–1.05) | 0.35 (0.14–0.84) |
Education | ||||
< High school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
High school | 0.86 (0.64–1.14) | 1.27 (0.90–1.80) | 0.74 (0.40–1.36) | 0.78 (0.37–1.64) |
Some college | 0.62 (0.42–0.90) | 1.03 (0.71–1.48) | 0.92 (0.50–1.69) | 0.76 (0.38–1.50) |
College graduate | 0.52 (0.36–0.76) | 0.77 (0.47–1.25) | 0.53 (0.25–1.13) | 0.51 (0.22–1.16) |
Cardiovascular disease | 1.58 (1.03–2.40) | 1.51 (1.01–2.17) | 1.85 (1.11–3.08) | 2.24 (1.20–4.18) |
Diabetes | 1.60 (1.19–2.16) | 2.65 (1.89–3.72) | 1.48 (0.83–2.65) | 3.66 (2.26–5.92) |
Waist circumference | ||||
Non-obese | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Obese | 1.83 (1.42–2.35) | 2.14 (1.55–2.95) | 2.43 (1.62–3.64) | 3.20 (1.80–5.69) |
Smoking status | ||||
Never smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Former smoker | 0.87 (0.62–1.21) | 1.00 (0.74–1.36) | 0.69 (0.44–1.08) | 2.05 (1.22–3.44) |
Current smoker | 1.31 (1.04–1.65) | 1.35 (0.98–1.86) | 1.89 (1.24–2.86) | 2.14 (1.24–3.68) |
Occupational exposure | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.05 (0.81–1.35) | 1.09 (0.71–1.68) |