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Table 2 Micronuclei frequencies and cellular abnormalities in COPD, TB, LC patients and control subjects

From: DNA damage and cellular abnormalities in tuberculosis, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

%

COPD

LC

TB

Control

n = 28

n = 18

n = 22

n = 17

Normal cells

0.15 (0.00–0.30)a,c

0.15 (0.05–0.35)a

0.65 (0.40–0.90)d

0.35 (0.10–3.00)

MN (basal cells)

0.00 (0.00–0.05)

0.00 (0.00–0.05)

0.00 (0.00–0.10)

0.00 (0.00–0.05)

MN (differentiated cells)

0.20 (0.00–0.35)a,c

0.15 (0.05–0.30)a

0.50 (0.30–0.70)a,d

0.30 (0.50–3.00)

Nuclear bud

0.10 (0.00–0.25)a,c

0.10 (0.05–0.30)a

0.25 (0.10–0.50)d

0.20 (0.00–1.20)

Binucleated cells

0.10 (0.05–0.20)a,c

0.15 (0.05–0.30)a

0.30 (0.10–0.60)a

0.65 (0.15–1.55)

Condensed chromatin

0.95 (0.40–2.25)a,c

0.97 (0.40–1.90)a

2.20 (0.60–6.60)a,d

0.05 (0.00–0.60)

Karyorrhectic cells

2.05 (0.75–3.40)a,b

1.12 (0.35–1.95)

1.65 (0.80–4.50)a

0.25 (0.00–5.00)

Pyknotic cells

3.00 (1.50–3.90)a,b,c

1.37 (0.40–3.15)a

2.55 (0.80–4.40)a,d

0.15 (0.00–0.50)

Karyolitic cells

2.10 (0.60–3.10)b

0.85 (0.40–1.95)a

2.20 (0.90–3.60)d

1.85 (0.40–5.20)

  1. n sample size, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, LC Lung Cancer, TB Tuberculosis, MN Micronucleus. Expressed as median (50 %) and quartiles (25 % – 75 %); a p ≤ 0.05 between cases (COPD or LC or TB) and controls; b p ≤ 0.05 between COPD and LC; c p ≤ 0.05 between COPD and TB; d p ≤ 0.05 between TB and LC