Mental health, serum biomarkers and survival in severe COPD: a pilot study

Table 1 Patient’s characteristics (n = 45)

Demographics
Age, years	64 (57; 72)
Male	31 (68.9)
Female	14 (31.1)
BMI, kg/m²	28.1 (6.8)
Smoking history
Active tobacco exposure, pack/years	50 (30; 70)
Current smoker	6 (13.3)
Ex-smoker	38 (84.4)
Never smoker	1 (2.2)
Spirometery
VC, % predicted	61.8 (50; 71.4)
FEV₁, % predicted	29.8 (22.6; 41.4)
FEV₁/FVC, %	45.5 (39; 53.3)
Blood gas analysis^a
paO₂, mmHg	62 (52.5; 73)
paCO₂, mmHg	44 (40; 53.5)
BE, (mmol/l)	3.6 (1.45; 6.55)
pH	7.41 (7.39; 7.44)
mMRC dyspnea scale^b
Grade 0	3 (8.1)
Grade 1	1 (2.7)
Grade 2	5 (13.5)
Grade 3	9 (24.3)
Grade 4	19 (51.4)
Comorbidity- CIRS-G
Total score^c (0-56)	13 (10; 17)
Severity index^d (0-14)	2.4 (2.2; 2.7)
NIPPV/LTOT
NIPPV	35 (77.8)
LTOT	41 (91.1)
LTOT and NIPPV	33 (73.3)
Only LTOT	8 (17.8)
Only NIPPV	2 (4.4)
Medications (selection)
Systemic corticosteroids^e	15 (33.3)
Inhaled corticosteroids	37 (82.2)
LABA	37 (82.3)
SAMA	40 (88.9)
SABA and/or SAMA	31 (68.9)
Theophylline	18 (40)
Anxiolytics and/or antidepressants	19 (42.2)
Statins	13 (28.9)
Osteoporosis prophylaxis	17 (37.8)

BMI body mass index, CIRS-G Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric, FEV1, forced expiratory volume in I second, FVC forced vital capacity, LABA long-acting beta-2 agonists, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonists, LTOT long-term oxygen therapy, NIPPV non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation, SABA short-acting beta-2 agonists, SAMA short-acting muscarinic antagonists, VC vital capacity
Data are expressed as the median (quartile) for continuous variables and as frequencies (percentage) for categorical variables. ^awith a mean (±SD) oxygen flow of 1.23 (±1.47) litres/min. ^b n = 37 due to poor patient compliance. ^csum of the 14 or system disease items (each with a five-point Likert scales). ^dquotient of total score and total number of items endorsed. ^ewith a median (quartile) usage of 10 (5; 15) mg prednisolone daily

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