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Table 2 Characteristics of questionnaires and serological biomarkers

From: Mental health, serum biomarkers and survival in severe COPD: a pilot study

Explanatory Variables

n

Median (quartiles)

Questionnaires:

HADS (0-21)

  

 Anxiety

34

10 (8.75; 11)

 Depression

34

8.5 (4; 11.3)

PHQ

 Depression (0-27)

33

6 (3; 11)

 Somatisation (0-30)

33

10 (6; 15)

 Stress (0-20)

33

6 (3; 8)

SGRQ (0-100)

 Total score

35

71.3 (57.5; 78.2)

 Activity

35

85.9 (76.1; 92.5)

 Impact

35

63.7 (42.5; 71.1)

 Symptoms

35

69.2 (49; 76)

 STAI (20-80)

 State anxiety

33

45 (34,5; 54)

 Trait anxiety

33

45 (36; 49,5)

Biomarkers:

Systemic inflammation:

 25-OHD (nmol/l)

44

38.4 (25.3; 66.5)

 CRP (mg/dl)

45

2.6 (1.1; 8.7)

 ESR (mm/h)

33

17 (7.5; 40)

 Leucocytes (103/μl)

45

9.7 (7.4; 12.4)

 SA-A (mg/l)

43

8.1 (4; 17.8)

Cardiac dysfunction:

 NT-proBNP (pg/ml)

45

176 (65; 300)

 Troponin I (ng/ml)

45

0.013 (0.007; 0.02)

Other:

 HbAIc (%)

45

6.2 (5.8; 6.9)

 Hb (g/dl)

45

13.8 (13; 15.2)

 Hc (%)

45

43 (40; 47)

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

45

1.0 (0.8; 1.3)

 TSH (mU/l)

45

0.8 (0.5; 1.2)

  1. HADS cut-off scores: no (0-7), borderline (8-10), severe (11-14) and very severe (15-21) anxiety (HADS-anxiety) or depression (HADS-depression). PHQ-9 cut-off scores: no-minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14) moderate to severe (15-19) and severe (20-27) depression. PHQ-15 cut-off scores: no-minimal (0-4), low (5-9), medium (10-14) and high (15-30) somatic factors. PHQ-stress cut-off scores: no-minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14) and severe (15-20) psychosocial stress. For PHQ: Depression, somatisation and psychosocial stress were assumed for scores ≥5. SGRQ and STAI: no commonly established cut-off values. For all questionnaires: Higher scores indicate more limitations or more severe symptoms
  2. 25-OHD 25-OH-cholecalciferol, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HbAlc glycosylated haemoglobin, Hb haemoglobin, Hc haematocrit, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire,SA-A serum amyloid-A, SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone