Table 4 Costs over the 12 months before the enrolment and at the end of the following 12 months in the overall sample (€/patient/year)

Hospitalization

218.06 (±29.02)

104.37 (±18.44)

−113.69 (±28.69)

< 0.001

GP visits

13.09 (±0.88)

5.06 (±0.42)

−8.03 (±0.91)

< 0.001

Specialist visit

18.18 (±0.89)

20.23 (±0.77)

2.05 (±1.16)

< 0.001

Rescue medication

19.19 (±1.41)

13.39 (±1.19)

−5.80 (±1.70)

< 0.001

Concomitant therapies

50.65 (±4.34)

60.20 (±4.90)

9.55 (±2.84)

ns

Respiratory therapies

636.68 (±19.87)

851.30 (±23.88)

214.62 (±21.55)

< 0.001

DIRECT COSTS

955.85 (±41.37)

1,054.56 (±37.20)

98.71 (±41.91)

< 0.001

Days of inactivity

227.29 (±42.59)

236.34 (±44.58)

9.05 (±50.88)

ns

INDIRECT COSTS

227.29 (±42.59)

236.34 (±44.58)

9.05 (±50.88)

ns

TOTAL COSTS

1,183.14 (±65.79)

1,290.89 (±68.74)

107.76 (±71.62)

< 0.001