Table 1 Factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation
From: The patient needing prolonged mechanical ventilation: a narrative review
| • Systemic | |
| ○ Chronic diseases, comorbidities, | |
| ○ Nutrition and metabolic problems | |
| ○ Severity of illness | |
| ○ Sepsis | |
| • Cardio-vascular function | |
| • Critical Illness Neuromyopathy | |
| • Respiratory | |
| ○ Unresolved respiratory causes of respiratory failure | |
| ○ Diaphragm weakness or dysfunction | |
| ○ Imbalance between work of breathing and respiratory muscle reserve | |
| ○ Tracheo-bronchial obstruction | |
| ○ Ineffective cough and secretion retention | |
| • Complications of management. | |
| ○ Ventilator associated pneumonia, infection | |
| ○ Length and modalities of mechanical ventilation | |
| ○ Tracheostomy | |
| ○ Sedation | |
| ○ Lack of early mobilizatio | |
| • Cognitive | |
| ○ Sleep deprivation | |
| ○ Anxiety/Depression | |
| • Management setting | |
| ○ Protocols | |
| ○ Staffing, (number and professionals) | |
| ○ Personnel training | |