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Table 2 Comparison of psychological characteristics, pulmonary functions and other clinical data between groups at the end of the study (p < 0.05)a

From: A quick relaxation exercise for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: explorative randomized controlled trial

 

Baseline

Post - treatment

Variables

Experimental Group (EG; n = 19)

Control Group (CG; n = 19)

Mann-Whitney Test p (U, Z)

Experimental Group (EG; n = 19)

Control Group (CG; n = 19)

Mann-Whitney Test p (U, Z)

Psychological states

 STAI-Y1b (Mean +/− SD)

33.68 (6.48)

36.68 (10.26)

U = 151.5 z = − 0.848 p = 0.198

26.05 (5.04)

31.26 (7.43)

U = 104.5 z = − 2223 p = 0.013*

PANASb (Mean +/− SD)

  Positive

2.92 (0.24)

3.05 (0.46)

U = 159 z = − 0.633 p = 0.2635

3.17 (0.36)

3.01 (0.38)

U = 139.5 z = − 1202 p = 0.114

  Negative

1.39 (0.48)

1.45 (0.43)

U = 155 z = − 0.751 p = 0.226

1.12 (0.26)

1.12 (0.20)

U = 161 z = − 0.638 p = 0.261

 VASb (Mean +/-SD)

20.53 (5.07)

20.68 (5.45)

U = 173.5 z = − 0.206 p = 0.418

19.79 (3.76)

17.68 (3.95)

U = 108 z = − 2129 p = 0.016*

 FSS-2b (Mean +/-SD)

   

33.63 (3.74)

33.57 (3.06)

U = 174 z = − 0.191 p = 0.424

Psychological traits

 STAI-Y2b (Mean+/− SD)

36.63 (11.96)

39 (11.04)

U = 155 z = − 0.745 p = 0.228

   

Pulmonary functions and physiological data

 FEV1b (Mean +/-SD)

1.35 (0.74)

1.24 (0.51)

U = 175 z = − 0.161 p = 0.436

1.39 (0.75)

1.26 (0.47)

U = 168.5 z = − 0.350 p = 0.363

 FVCb (Mean +/-SD)

2.14 (0.94)

2.27 (0.89)

U = 167 z = − 0.394 p = 0.346

1.97 (0.93)

2.38 (0.81)

U = 127 z = − 1562 p = 0.059

 ROCCb, kPa/l/s (Mean +/-SD)

0.34 (0.14)

0.30 (0.12)

U = 151.5 z = − 0.847 p = 0.198

0.40 (0.19)

0.30 (0.15)

U = 135.5 z = − 1314 p = 0.094

 SpO2b (Mean +/-SD)

91.63 (3.18)

95.58 (2.79)

U = 110.5 z = − 2058 p = 0.020*

93.84 (2.73)

94 (2.62)

U = 175.5 z = − 0.148 p = 0.441

 HRb (Mean+/-SD)

69.32 (8.80)

73.95 (11.47)

U = 140.5 z = − 1171 p = 0.121

65.47 (7.87)

73.05 (11.75)

U = 95 z = − 2504 p = 0.006*

  1. aData are presented as Mean+/-Standard Deviation (SD) and number, percentage (n, %)
  2. bSTAI-Y1 State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Form, PANAS Positive and Negative Affective Schedule-State Form, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, FSS-2 Short Flow State Scale 2, STAI-Y2 State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form, FEV1 Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second, FVC Forced Vital Capacity, ROCC, kPa/l/s Measurement of airway resistance, SpO2 Oxygen saturation, HR Heart Rate