Prevalence, risk factors, and impact of lung Cancer on outcomes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a study from the Middle East

Table 2 HRCT findings, histopathology and stages of LC in patients with LC-IPF (n = 34)

Characteristic	No. (%)
Time of LC diagnosis
At the time of IPF diagnosis	12 (35.3)
After IPF diagnosis	22 (64.7)
Location
Central^a	9 (26.5)
Peripheral	25 (73.5)
Lobes of the lung
Upper lobes	10 (29.5)
Middle lobe	1 (2.9)
Lower lobes	23 (67.6)
HRCT background
Fibrotic background^b	23 (67.6)
Nonfibrotic background	11 (32.4)
Histopathology
Squamous cell carcinoma	15 (44)
Adenocarcinoma	14 (41)
Adenosquamous carcinoma	2 (6)
large cell carcinoma	2 (6)
Undifferentiated carcinoma	1 (3)
Stage
I	8 (23.3)
II	5 (15.0)
III	9 (26.4)
IV	12 (35.3)

LC-IPF combined lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HRCT high-resolution computed tomography
^aCentral; the tumor was considered central when located in an area 3 cm far from the pleura
^bFibrotic background; includes reticular distortion, ground-glass opacity, and honeycombing

ISSN: 2049-6958