Table 1 Demographic data, pulmonary function test and SF-36 results of the study population

Age (years)

64.1 ± 7.1

66.5 ± 6

64.7 ± 3.4

0.26

Gender (F/M)

22/22

22/22

20/20

1

Height (cm)

162.7 ± 7.2

166.2 ± 7.3

167 ± 8.4

0.11

Weight (kg)

78.7 ± 15.8

76.1 ± 17.1

78.5 ± 12.2

0.9

BMI (kg/m²)

29.73 ± 5.74

27.43 ± 5.35

27.88 ± 3.98

0.296

Cigarette pack/year

37.6 ± 22.6^a,b

54.2 ± 26.7^a,c

0^bc

<0.0001

FEV₁/FVC

67.2 ± 11.1^a,b

53.2 ± 15.6^a,c

79.5 ± 5.2^b,c

<0.0001

FEV₁(L)

2.1 ± 0.7^a

2.01 ± 0.53^b

3.6 ± 0.58 ^a,b

<0.0001

FEV₁(%)

83.1 ± 22.2^a

77.5 ± 16.2^b

116.9 ± 17.5 ^a,b

<0.0001

FVC (L)

3.1 ± 0.9^a,b

3.67 ± 0.9^a,c

4.6 ± 0.8 ^b,c

<0.0001

FVC (%)

100.1 ± 19.2^a

108.9 ± 21^b

121.8 ± 19.6 ^a,b

0.003

FEF_25–75 (%)

47.5 ± 27.4^a,b

29.6 ± 12.3^a,c

95.1 ± 21.9 ^b,c

<0.0001

TLC (%)

107.2 ± 19.5

105.3 ± 19

113.9 ± 15.9

0.22

TLC (L)

5.9 ± 1.4

6.5 ± 1.5

6.55 ± 1.03

0.32

MIP (cmH₂O)

69.6 ± 30.7

67.3 ± 17.5

74.05 ± 24.3

0.673

MEP (cmH₂O)

25.6 ± 9.1^a,b

34.9 ± 11.5^a,c

26.7 ± 6.4^b,c

0.004

General health

35 (0–80)^a

45 (10–70)^b

69.5 (40–82)^a,b

<0.0001

Physical functioning

52.5 (0–100) ^a

62.5 (25–95) ^b

90 (50–100) ^a,b

<0.0001

Physical Role limitation

25 (0–100) ^a

25 (0–100) ^b

100(50–100)^a,b

<0.0001

Emotional Role limitation

33 (0–100) ^a

33 (0–100) ^b

66.6(0–100) ^a,b

<0.0001

Social functioning

50 (13–100) ^a

56 (0–100) ^b

87.5(38100)^a,b

<0.0001

Pain

60 (0–100) ^a

85 (20–100) ^b

100(40–100)^a,b

0.029

Vitality

52.5 (10–85) ^a

57.5 (20–92) ^b

80.5(45100)^a,b

0.001

Mental health

52.5 (12–80) ^a

58 (15–90) ^b

72 (50–95) ^a,b

<0.0001